reference back ( );
const_reference back ( ) const;

Access last element

Returns a reference to the last element in the vector container.

Unlike member vector::end, which returns an iterator just past this element, this function returns a direct reference.

Parameters

Return value

Member types reference and const_reference are the reference types to the elements of the vector container (for the default storage allocation model, allocator, these are T& and const T& respectively).

Example

// vector::back
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
  vector<int> myvector;

  myvector.push_back(10);

  while (myvector.back() != 0)
  {
    myvector.push_back ( myvector.back() -1 );
  }

  cout << "myvector contains:";
  for (unsigned i=0; i<myvector.size() ; i++)
    cout << " " << myvector[i];

  cout << endl;

  return 0;
}

Output:

myvector contains: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Complexity

See also